The second phase of quantum information science, engineering, and technologies (QISET) is rapidly moving from laboratory experiments to real-world applications, with significant consequences for federal and private-sector strategies, according to the Special Competitive Studies Project (SCSP), a nonprofit and nonpartisan initiative focused on strengthening America's long-term competitiveness in artificial intelligence. In Quantum 1.0, quantum mechanics gave rise to lasers and transistors. Now, Quantum 2.0 is driving advances in photonics, microelectronics, and specialized materials.
As the United States seeks to accelerate its quantum capabilities, SCSP has launched a new limited newsletter, "Quantum States," which examines how different states and regions are leading the way. The newsletter assesses states across metrics such as cited quantum research, patents, the number of 'pure play' and quantum-enabling companies, military research facilities, breadth of the full quantum stack (computing, sensing, and networking), and quantum-related job openings. According to SCSP experts, "Developing a robust ecosystem of quantum technologies is not a one-size-fits-all approach, in which local leadership is guaranteed by hosting the most companies within a region. Rather, it requires a cohesive, strategic effort leveraging strengths within that state."
Currently, California leads in most aspects of Quantum 2.0, including industrial capacity, talent pipelines, and market ecosystems. Other established hubs include New York, Illinois, Colorado, Maryland, and Massachusetts. However, several states are poised to become major players, including Texas, North Carolina, and Florida, given their high number of PhDs awarded and the presence of quantum research centers at many of their academic institutions. The SCSP experts note that "The most successful quantum states build strong synergies between pillars of a quantum ecosystem: academia, NIST, national labs, startups, and private industry." Ultimately, true quantum hubs emerge where industry, academia, and government actively connect.
The implications of this localized approach are profound. For federal policymakers, understanding regional strengths can inform targeted investments and avoid redundant efforts. For states, fostering quantum ecosystems can attract talent, spur economic growth, and create high-tech jobs. For the private sector, aligning with regional hubs can accelerate innovation and commercialization. As quantum technologies continue to mature, the geography of innovation will play a critical role in determining which nations and regions lead in this transformative field. To learn more and for future editions of the Quantum States newsletter, visit scsp.ai.
